Mesothelioma, a rare and aggressive cancer primarily linked to asbestos exposure, has prompted exploration into various treatment options, including surgical procedures like pleurectomy decortication. However, despite its common use, the effectiveness of this intervention has never been evaluated in a randomized trial.
The trial, which enrolled 335 participants, randomly assigned 169 patients with resectable mesothelioma to extended pleurectomy decortication and 166 patients to chemotherapy (platinum and pemetrexed) or chemotherapy alone.
The researchers followed patients for a median 22.4 months.
Patients randomized to surgery and chemotherapy exhibited a median survival of 19.3 months, while those randomized to chemotherapy alone demonstrated a median survival of 24.8 months. However, the hazards for death were non-proportional, prompting the presentation of primary outcomes in two timeframes: randomization to 42 months and beyond 42 months. The analysis indicated a 28% increase in the risk of death in the surgery group within the first 42 months, while no significant difference in survival emerged after 42 months, Lim reported.
Moreover, the research unveiled significant disparities in progression-free survival and adverse events between the two groups. The surgery group experienced a 3.6-fold higher incidence of serious adverse events (CTCAE grade 3 and above), and Dr. Lim reported that patients who underwent surgery reported poorer quality of life and well-being on various EORTC health-related quality of life scales, particularly in global health, physical functioning, social functioning, and role functioning. The surgery group also exhibited worse positive symptom scores, including pain, dyspnea, insomnia, loss of appetite, and financial difficulties.
Prof. Lim concluded that extended pleurectomy decortication should not be offered to patients with pleural mesothelioma and classifying this disease as “unresectable” from the outset would increase access to more effective systemic treatments to improve survival for patients with early-stage disease.
About the IASLC:
The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) is the only global organization dedicated solely to the study of lung cancer and other thoracic malignancies. Founded in 1974, the association’s membership includes more than 8,000 lung cancer specialists across all disciplines in over 100 countries, forming a global network working together to conquer lung and thoracic cancers worldwide. The association also publishes the Journal of Thoracic Oncology, the primary educational and informational publication for topics relevant to the prevention, detection, diagnosis, and treatment of all thoracic malignancies. Visit http://www.iaslc.org for more information.
About the WCLC:
The WCLC is the world’s largest meeting dedicated to lung cancer and other thoracic malignancies, attracting more than 7,000 researchers, physicians, and specialists from more than 100 countries. The goal is to increase awareness, collaboration, and understanding of lung cancer, and to help participants implement the latest developments across the globe. The conference will cover a wide range of disciplines and unveil several research studies and clinical trial results. For more information, visit https://wclc2023.iaslc.org.
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